EnglishNakoreye mu karere ka Nyanza mu bihe bitandukanye, mu mishinga ijyanye n’umurage n’ubukerarugendo, ibyo byatumye menya ingoro ndangamurage y’Abami ndetse n’amateka y’umujyi wa Nyanza. Muri iyi nyandiko, ndashaka kugaragaza akamaro k’iyo ngoro n’impamvu numva buri mushyitsi wese uje mu Rwanda akwiye gutekereza gusura Nyanza; niyo waba udashimishwa n’amateka. Nk’inzobere mu bijyanye n’umurage, ndatanga inama zitandukanye kugira ngo urugendo rwawe ruzakubere urwo amateka, ntiruzibagirane mu gihe waba usuye Nyanza.
- David Nkusi
- Last Checked and/or Updated 9 July 2024
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- Rwanda
Ingoro ndangamurage y’Abami iherereye ku mpinga y’umusozi ugizwe n’umujyi mwiza wa Nyanza mu ntara y’Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda. Icyahoze ari umujyi ukomeye mu mateka, ni nacyo cyabaye icyicaro cy’abami mu gihe cy’ubwami bw’u Rwanda. Ingoro z’abami yahawe agaciro kandi ubu iri muri bimwe bifite agaciro gakomenye nk’ahantu ndangamurage mu Rwanda. Iyi ngoro yatangijwe ku mugaragaro mu 2008, iha abashyitsi bayisura ishusho y’igihe cy’ubwami bw’u Rwanda kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 kugeza mu 1961. Iyi ngoro iguha amahirwe yo kubona imyubakire gakondo ni y’abakoloni, ndetse no kwishimira ibitaramo by’umuco nyarwanda.
Inshamacye y’amateka y’ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda n’ingoro y’Abami
Ubusanzwe ingoro z’ubwami mu Rwanda zarimukaga, zikava ahantu hamwe zikajya ahandi. Kubera ubukoloni, mu 1899 umwami Yuhi V Musinga yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira ingoro ye mu buryo buhoraho ahantu hamwe. Impamvu yo kuba ingoro yarimurwaga ikajyanwa hirya no hino byari uko itahabwaga agaciro n’abakoloni. Umwami Musinga yahisemo Nyanza. Ntabwo yari isanzwe ituwe cyane mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, ariko uruhererekane nyemvugo rwashimangiye Nyanza, nk’umujyi w’amateka, wabereyemo intambara nyinshi. Ku ngoma ye, ingoro y’ubwami i Nyanza yabaye ingoro y’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi n’ubwenge kandi hari ahantu habereye ibikorwa byatumaga abantu bahererekanya ubukungu.
Igihe Ababiligi bigaruriraga u Rwanda nyuma yo gutsindwa kw’Abadage mu ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi, ubuyobozi bushya bwaciye umwami Musinga mu 1931 kubera ko yagombaga gukomeza gushyikirana n’abakozi b’Abadage. Impamvu nyamukuru; Musinga ntiyakunzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Ububiligi, kubera ko yanze kubatizwa muri Kiriziya Gakuriya y’Abaroma, kandi yatekerejwe nkaho ari imbogamizi kuri gahunda z’ubuyobozi bw’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.
Nyuma y’iminsi ine umwami Musinga akuwe ku ngoma, umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa yabaye umwami. Kuva byibura mu 1929, Rudahigwa yari yarateguwe kugira ngo azasimbure se. Mu 1932, Ababiligi bari baramwubakiye ingoro igezweho mu buryo bwa (Deco art; uburyo bw’imyubakire), muri metero nkeya uvuye aho yavukiye mu ngoro gakondo ya cyami. Mu 1943, Rudahigwa yarabatijwe atangaza ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cya gikristo. Rudahigwa yatanze muri Nyakanga 1959 mu buryo budasanzwe, hamwe n’impamvu nyinshi zivuguruzanya. Kubera ko nta muzungura yari afite, Rudahigwa yasimbuwe na murumuna we, umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, mu gikorwa cyatunguye abantu bose, harimo n’umwami mushya ubwe.
Iki cyari igihe cy’imyivumbagatanyo ya politiki n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko, kandi umwami mushya ntiyakiriwe neza na bose ahubwo yabonwaga nk’amahirwe yo gukomeza intego z’impinduramatwara. Muri Nyakanga 1960, Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yahungiye muri Repubulika ya Remokarasi ya Kongo. Kuwa 28 Mutarama 1961, ubwami bw’u Rwanda bwarahiritswe nyuma ya coup d’Etat (izungura ry’ubutegetsi) yari ishyigikiwe n’Ububiligi. Kamarampaka yo muri Nzeri, abaturage babazwaga niba bifuza ko ingoma ya cyami yagumaho nyuma y’ubwigenge cyangwa niba Kigeli V Ndahindurwa agomba kuguma ari umwami? Abitabiriye benshi cyane, igisubizo cyibibazo byombi cyari oya. Kigeli yoherejwe muri Tanzaniya ariko yemera ubuhungiro bwa politiki muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, ari naho yatangiye kuwa 16 Ukwakira 2016. Umugogo we wagaruwe mu Rwanda uba ariho utabarizwa, i Nyanza kuwa 15 Mutarama 2017.
n’iki kiri ku ngoro ndangamurage y’abami wareba?
Ibice bitatu by’ingenzi bigize ingoro ndangamurage, byose bigera ku baturage kandi bikubiye ku itike imwe. Ibyo ni: ingoro gakondo y’Umwami, ingoro y’Ubukorikori bugezweho, n’inka zifite amahembe maremare zizwi ku izina ry’ Inyambo.
Inzira inyuze muri complexe yashyizweho kugirango abashyitsi bakurikire. Guhera aho bakirira abashyitsi, abashyitsi berekejwe mbere na kopi yingoro yumwami gakondo, hanyuma inka ya Inyambo, hanyuma amaherezo berekeza ibwami bigezweho. Urahawe ikaze gusura inzu ndangamurage wenyine cyangwa hamwe nuyobora. Ingendo nyinshi zifata hagati yisaha nisaha nigice.
ingoro gakondo z’abami
Kuva aho bakirira, aho ugura amatike yo kwinjira mu ngoro ndangamurage, abashyitsi bayoborwa ku ngoro gakondo z’Abami. Ifite miterere itangaje, ni nini cyane yakozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho n’ubukorikori gakondo byakoreshejwe mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19 igihe ingoro yambere yubatswe hano n’umwami Yuhi V Musinga. Ibyo ubona byari agace gato gusa ku rugo rwakera rw’umwami, kandi rurimo utuzu twa nyakatsi dukoreshwa mu kubika inzoga n’amata.
inka z’inyambo
Inyuma y’Ingoro gakondo ni ikiraro k’inka. Hari inka zifite amahembe maremare, bivugwa ko zikomoka mu bushyo bw’umwami bwo mu 1950. Zizwi ku izina ry’Inyambo, ubworozi bwazo no kuzibungabunga byakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u Rwanda kuva zongera ku murikwa mu ingoro ndangamurage z’Abami mu 2011. Abatahira bazo kandi bakomeza imigenzo y’amateka, nko kuzambika imitako no kuzitoza kumva indirimbo n’ubusizi kugira ngo zizitabire umwiyereko, nkuko byakorwaga mu gihe cy’imihango ya cyami mu myaka myinshi yatambutse.
Ingoro y’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa
Iyi ngoro yubatswe mu 1932, yubatswe mu buryo bw’ubugeni bwa (Deco; uburyo bw’imyubakire) bwari bugezweho, yabaye ingoro y’umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa kugeza atanze mu 1959. Mu 2006, Icyahoze ari ingoro y’umwami cy’ahindutse Ingoro ndangamurage, ifite imurika ryerekeranye n’igihe cy’ubwami bw’u Rwanda kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 kugeza mu cya 20. Byinshi mu ngoro byagumye uko byari bimeze mu gihe umwami yahabaga. Abashyitsi bashobora kubona ibikoresho n’ibisigaratongo bijyanye n’imirimo, n’inshingano uwami yari afite hamwe n’umuryango we ndetse n’ibikorwa byabo bya buri munsi. Bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu nzu byarabuze muri Jenoside yokorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ariko hari bimwe bisa n’ibyangiritse byasimbuye bimwe mu bihangano by’umwimerere. Ibirango by’amakuru bifasha abashyitsi gusobanura ibintu mu rwego rwo kwerekana, no gushima akamaro kabyo.
Gufata amafoto ntibyemewe imbere mu nyubako.
Umusezero wa Mwima
Itike yo gusura ingoro ndangamurage y’Abami harimo no gusura ahatabarijwe abami i Mwima. Mu rugendo rworoshye rutarenze kilometero imwe uvuye mu ingoro ndangamurage y’Abami mu Rukari, aho niho umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa n’umugore we umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda batabarijwe. Muri uyu musezero kandi ninaho umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yatabarijwe nyuma y’uko umugogo we ugaruwe mu Rwanda amaze gutangira mu buhungiro mu 2016.
Ingoro ndangamrage y’Abami n’Umusezero wa Mwima byose biri mu rugendo ndanga bwami rwa Nyanza.
Inama wagenderaho usura ingoro
N’ubwo bishoboka gusura ibice bitandukanye by’ingoro ndangamurage wenyine, nabagira inama by’umwihariko yo kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe yo gukoresha umuntu utembereza abashyitsi. Urebye amateka akomeye y’Ingoro, kugira umuntu ukuyobora, ufite ubumenyi bwerekana ibintu bitandukanye kandi usobanura akamaro k’amateka cyangwa umuco bituma usobanukirwa kurushaho. Ingendo ziyobowe ziraboneka ku bashyitsi bose, nta kiguzi cyinyongeraho, kandi urashobora gushyirwa ku rutonde rwo kwacyirwa ukihagera. Urugendo ruyobowe rumara isaha imwe n’igice.
Itike ishobora kugurirwa kuri murandasi mbere, cyangwa ku munsi wo gusura aho bacyirira abantu wishyuye amafaranga ako kanya. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho urubuga kuri murandasi abashyitsi bashobora kuguriraho amatike mu Kinyarwanda, Icyongereza n’Igifaransa. Iyi serivisi ishobora gukoreshwa ku zindi ngoro ndangamurage n’ibice ndangamurage mu Rwanda. Uru rubuga rukurikira rufasha mu gutanga amakuru arambuye ku wifuza gusura ingoro ndangamurage rukora mu Cyongereza, how to schedule a museum visit.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu Musezero wa Mwima, itike yo gusura ingoro ndandamurage y’Abami ishobora guhuzwa no gusura izindi ngoro ziri mu ntara y’Amajyepfo. Izo ngoro ni iyo Kwigira kw’Abanyarwanda iherereye ku Rwesero mu karere ka Nyanza niyo Amateka y’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye ahahoze ari i Butare.
Ni ngombwa kwaka aho bacyirira abantu gusura ibindi bikorwaho byiyongera ku gusura ingoro ndangamurage. Ibyo bikorwa ni ukureba uko basya amasaka, gukama n’imbyino gakondo. Ibindi bikorwa nk’ibyivugo n’amazina y’inka byose bikorwa mu gihe uri gusura ubworozi bw’Inyambo.
Gufata amafoto biremewe mu bice by’ingoro ndangamurage ariko ukita ku bice bibujijwe kuba wafatiramo ifoto, byumwihariko mu bice by’ingoro igezweho. Ingoro gakondo n’Inyambo n’ibice bikunda kwifotorezwaho n’abantu benshi.
Mu mpera z’urugendo rwawe ujye wita ku kureba ko wageze ku iduka ry’impano kugira ngo utahane urwibutso rw’ibkorerwa mu gihugu, mu kuruha wakwishima ufata icyo kunywa n’icyo kurya aho bicururizwa.
ONGERA INGORO Y’ABAMI KU RUTONDE RW’AHANTU WATEMBERERA
Niba waramaze gutegura urugendo rwawe mu Rwanda, ushobora gukora urutonde rwawe rw’ahantu watemberera (ushobora gushaka ahantu kuba wasura), ahantu wahisemo ushobora kuhasangiza inshuti zawe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Ushobora kureba uko bikorwa ureba kuri uru rubuga Using the Itinerary video on YouTube, cyangwa ugasoma Using the Itinerary page.
Wifuza amakuru arambuye no gusobanukirwa birambuye ahantu n’ingoro ndaangamure wasura, wareba kuri Rwanda Travel Guide.
Ni mu gihe ingoro ndangamurage y’Abami yerekana inyubako zagukurura z’ibyaraze ibikorwa by’ubwami mu Rwanda, iyi ngoro kandi ni hamwe hari ibikorwa by’inshi by’umuco byagukurura. Ku bisobanuro birambuye kubiri muri aka gace, wasoma inyandiko ya njye Exploring the Nyanza District.
Ingoro Ndangamurage Y'Abami
Nyanza ifite amateka mareremare, ariko hari ayavuba cyane nk’ahantu habaye umwami kugeza mu 1962 igihe ingoma ya cyami yarangiriye mu Rwanda. Uyu munsi aho hantu hari ingoro ndangamurage, aho abasura babonera aba batembereza inzu gakondo ibumbatiye aho umwami yari atuye. Inyubako iri mu buryo bufite igisenge cyubacyishijwe ibikoresho gakondo zizewe zongera kubakwa kugira ngo zerekane igitekerezo cyuko ingoro y’umwami yari imeze mbere y’uko ivugurugwa ikubakwa mu buryo bushya mu 1932. Abashyitsi basura kandi ubworozi bw’inka zamamaye kandi zubashywe zitwa Inyambo, zakuwe mu zororwaga n’umwami.
Archaeology Travel Umwanditsi
